It may also have a plateau, or flattened area at the peak of the waveform. The Volume waveform will generally have a mountain peak appearance at the top. Question: An increase in airway resistance causes _to increase and _ to remain the same?Īnswer: PIP increases, Pplat remains the same Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP)Plateau Pressure (Pplat)Airway Resistance (Raw)Alveolar Distending Pressure While performing an expiratory hold maneuver, trapped air will cause the waveform to rise above the baseline.An acceptable amount of auto-PEEP should be < 5cm H2O The difference between PIP and Pplat remains normal. (More pressure is needed to achieve the same tidal volume). Increased Airway Resistance Decreased ComplianceĪ -Increase in airway resistance (Raw) causes the PIP to increase, but Pplat pressure remains normal.B-A decrease in lung compliance causes the entire waveform to increase in size. The area under the entire curve represents the mean airway pressure (MAP). The baseline for the pressure waveform will be higher, when PEEP is added.There will be a negative deflection just before the waveform with patient triggered breaths.ġ = Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP)2 = Plateau Pressure (Pplat)A = Airway Resistance (Raw)B = Alveolar Distending Pressure Volume)PIP, PplatCPAP, PEEPAsynchronyTriggering Effort This is thought to improve distribution of ventilation.Īir trapping (auto-PEEP)Airway ObstructionBronchodilator ResponseRespiratory Mechanics (C/Raw)Active ExhalationBreath Type (Pressure vs. In Volume modes, adding an inspiratory pause (or hold) will add a small plateau to the waveform. This means that pressure is constant during inspiration or pressure is a set parameter. In Pressure modes, the shape of the pressure wave will be a square shape. ![]() In Volume modes, the shape of the pressure wave will be a ramp for mandatory breaths. Question: What are the three types of waveforms? Sine wave: Seen with spontaneous, unsupported Ramp wave: Represents a variable parameter Will vary with changes in lungĬharacteristics Can be accelerating or decelerating Square wave: Represents a constant or set parameter. Generally, the ramp waves are considered the same as exponential shapes, so you really only need to remember three: square, ramp, and sine waves. Loops: Plot pressure or flow against volume. Scalars: Plot pressure, volume, or flow against time. This is especially important for respiratory therapists to help make appropriate recommendations and to ensure proper functioning of the ventilator. Monitor the patients disease status (C and Raw).Īllow fine tuning of ventilator to decrease WOB, optimize ventilation, and maximize patient comfort.Ī skilled practitioner can use ventilator graphics to assess the status of the patients lungs in the same way a cardiologist uses an EKG to view the condition of the heart. ![]() The ventilator and the patients response to the ventilator. Purposes of monitoring graphics: Allow users to interpret, evaluate, and troubleshoot Graphics are waveforms that reflect the patient-ventilator system and their interaction.
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